How to unblock fat-clogged arteries with jab?

Heart attacks are caused by a build-up of fatty deposits in the arteries. These deposits are largely made up of LDL, or bad cholesterol, and they cause the arteries to become narrowed or blocked, cutting off the blood supply. A jab to prevent heart attacks could transform the treatment of heart disease.

[Photo Credit]

The new vaccine works by reversing the narrowing of the arteries, a leading cause of heart attacks. The body's immune system tries to remove these fatty deposits, but goes into overdrive. Over time, this causes the blood vessels to become inflamed and scarred, and eventually the smaller arteries can rupture, causing blood clots and heart attack.

Now scientists have found a way to harness this immune response, boosting the natural removal of LDL but at the same time preventing the immune system overreacting. Firs, they identified the substance in LDL which prompts the immune response. They then used this substance to produce the new vaccine.

This activates antibodies to remove the LDL, but also activates 'regulatory' cells which stop the immune system becoming aggressive and causing inflammation. The hope is that the CVX-210H vaccine, produced by Cardiovax, will be offered initially to high-risk patients to reverse the furring up of the arteries and prevent a second heart attack.

The vaccine could also help patients with diabetes, which is at a raised risk of heart disease. 46 % of diabetic patients had 'silent' coronary artery disease, which was not causing symptoms. Three years later, those patients had progressed to more severe disease and cardiac problems, including heart attacks and heart failure.

Professor Avijit Lahiri said, “The number of people with diabetes is rising fast, and coronary artery disease is a much greater problem among people with diabetes than previously thought, yet they are not routinely screened for heart disease. This vaccine may act on the small blood vessels, too.”

He further said that diabetes can make the small blood vessels fur up early, before the large blood vessels are even affected, so this may be able to help to reverse the process before people develop coronary artery problems.

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